THE SIEGE OF ATHENS “Two Athenian slaves in the Piræus -- either because they favored the Romans or were looking out for their own safety in an emergency -- wrote down everything that took place there, enclosed their writing in leaden balls, and threw them over to the Romans with slings. As this was done continually it came to the knowledge of Sulla, who gave his attention to the missives and found one which said, "To-morrow the infantry will make a sally in front upon your workers, and the cavalry will attack the Roman army on both flanks." Sulla placed an adequate force in ambush and when the enemy dashed out with the thought that their movement would completely surprise him he gave them a greater surprise with his concealed force, killing many and driving the rest into the sea. This was the end of that enterprise. When the mounds began to rise Archelaus erected opposing towers and placed the greatest quantity of missiles on them. He sent for reënforcements from Chalcis and the other islands and armed his oarsmen, for he considered himself in extreme danger. As his army was superior in number to that of Sulla before, it now became much more so by these reënforcements. He then darted out in the middle of the night with torches and burned one of the tortoises and the machines alongside of it; but Sulla made new ones in ten days' time and put them in the places of the former ones. Against these Archelaus established a tower on that part of the wall.” Appian, the foreign wars

EDICTUM DE PRETIIS 301 AD Although incomplete, enough of the text is preserved to make the general structure and contents of the edict clear. All coins in the Decrees and the Edict were valued according to the denarius, which Diocletian hoped to replace with a new system based on the silver argenteus and its fractions The argenteus seems to have been set at 100 denarii, the silver-washed nummus at 25 denarii, and the bronze radiate at 4 or 5 denarii. The copper laureate was raised from 1 denarius to 2 denarii. The gold aureus was revalued at at least 1,200 denarii (although one document calls it a "solidus" it was still heavier than the solidus introduced by Constantine a few years later). During the previous decades the decreasing amount of silver in the billon coins had fuelled inflation. This inflation is understood to be the reason the decree was issued. Issues of economic system feedback were not well understood at the time. The first two-thirds of the Edict doubled the value of the copper and billon coins, and set the death penalty for profiteers and speculators, who were blamed for the inflation and who were compared to the barbariantribes attacking the empire. Merchants were forbidden to take their goods elsewhere and charge a higher price, and transport costs could not be used as an excuse to raise prices. The last third of the Edict, divided into 32 sections, imposed a price ceiling – a list of maxima – for well over a thousand products. These products included various food items (beef, grain, wine, beer, sausages, etc.), clothing (shoes, cloaks, etc.), freight charges for sea travel, and weekly wages. The highest limit was on one pound of purple-dyed silk, which was set at 150,000 denarii (the price of a lion was set at the same price).

Holding dollars or euro’s isn’t neutral, its a trade. Many normies don’t get this.

GM. I like to sit next to a person and ask: i heard you are interested in this and that, Tell me everything about it, and then sit there and listen for 2 hours. It’s free, usually interesting, and shows interest in what the other person has to say. You also learn about who they are in between the lines.

OLD ENEMIES MEET AGAIN “A rope was cast about his neck and he was led to the prison of Minturnae on the order of its duumvir. A public slave of German nationality was sent with a sword to put him to death. It happened that this man had been taken a prisoner by Marius when he was commander in the war against the Cimbri; when he recognized Marius, giving utterance with loud outcry to his indignation at the plight of this great man, he threw away his sword and fled from the prison.” Velleius Paterculus, Roman History

GM frens.

DESECRATION “In the meantime, the most eminent persons in Rome were put to death on false accusations. Even Scaevola, the pontifex maximus, who had the highest reputation amongst the citizens, came to an unworthy end. The Romans were fortunate only in one thing, that this venerable priest did not withdraw into the most sacred precinct {the temple of Vesta}. For the cruelty of the murderers was such, that they would have laid him upon the very altar, and cut his throat there, so that by his own blood he would have extinguished that fire, which religious devotion has ceaselessly kept burning ever since ancient times.” Diodorus Siculus

GM. It’s a good day.

If you played the following pc games you can consider yourself an incredibly cultured man: Commando’s behind enemy lines. Commando’s beyond the call of duty. What is your favourite ancient pc game?

✅ The idea of a Hollow Earth is a conspiracy theory pushed by moles to get us humans digging for it so the moles have free extra tunnels without doing any work. Kind of how shitcoins work.

GN frens. 🟠🟣

ROME AND INFLATION Ancient Rome experienced periods of inflation. The primary driver was often the debasement of their currency, primarily the silver denarius. To fund costly wars and government projects, Roman emperors would reduce the silver content of coins while maintaining their face value. This effectively increased the money supply, leading to a decline in the currency's purchasing power. This debasement had significant social and economic consequences. The wealthy, who often held assets like land, benefited as their debts became easier to repay with devalued currency. Conversely, the poor, who relied on wages, suffered as their purchasing power diminished. This economic inequality could exacerbate social unrest and even contribute to political instability. Furthermore, chronic inflation eroded trust in the currency, hindering economic growth and investment. Trade and commerce could be disrupted as people became hesitant to engage in transactions with a rapidly depreciating currency. Historical examples of Roman inflation include periods of debasement during the late Republic and early Imperial periods. The reign of Emperor Diocletian (284-305 CE) is particularly notable for experiencing significant price inflation, prompting him to implement price controls through the Edictum de Pretiis.

300 followers, bots included. I appreciate it frens! 🟣🟠

I quit smoking 2 days ago. Rough ride.

Anyone knows how premium works?

GM.

🔥󠅓󠅑󠅣󠅘󠅥󠄲󠅟󠄢󠄶󠅤󠅕󠄳󠄺󠅟󠅔󠄸󠅂󠅧󠅓󠅪󠅟󠅦󠄼󠄢󠄡󠅠󠅒󠅞󠅁󠅥󠅒󠅇󠅜󠅥󠅑󠅇󠄺󠅠󠅔󠄸󠄽󠅥󠅉󠄢󠄶󠅪󠅑󠄳󠄩󠄳󠅑󠅈󠅂󠅚󠅒󠄢󠅜󠅥󠅉󠅈󠅆󠅚󠅓󠄢󠄶󠄠󠅉󠅈󠅃󠄲󠅟󠅝󠄶󠅠󠅃󠄱󠄲󠅁󠄲󠅆󠄴󠅧󠅃󠅅󠄶󠄷󠅉󠅈󠄳󠄵󠅠󠄷󠄶󠅘󠄳󠄷󠄶󠅪󠅕󠄵󠄲󠅜󠄾󠅪󠅂󠅝󠄿󠄴󠅔󠅝󠅊󠅇󠄽󠄡󠄽󠅝󠅅󠄢󠅊󠅝󠅆󠅛󠅉󠄢󠄹󠅪󠅊󠅄󠅗󠄤󠅊󠄴󠅔󠅙󠄿󠄴󠄵󠅩󠄿󠄴󠅂󠅝󠅉󠅚󠅜󠅚󠄽󠅚󠄵󠄢󠅊󠅝󠅁󠄠󠅉󠅪󠅉󠅧󠄿󠄴󠅉󠄤󠄽󠅄󠄵󠄥󠄽󠅝󠅉󠅨󠄽󠅄󠅉󠅧󠅉󠄢󠄹󠅧󠅊󠄷󠄹󠅨󠄽󠄷󠄽󠅪󠅉󠅇󠄾󠅉󠄹󠅁󠄻󠄸󠄸󠄤󠅛󠅉󠄸󠄦󠅙󠅡󠄶󠄿󠄲󠅡󠄿󠅨󠄹󠄵󠅔󠅨󠅇󠄹󠅕󠅁󠅒󠄻󠅆󠄨󠅧󠄿󠄥󠄾󠅙󠄻󠅥󠅦󠅄󠄤󠅟󠄹󠅠󠄤󠄲󠅇󠄶󠅛󠅟󠄢󠄶󠅜󠅇󠄳󠄴󠅨󠄩󠅑󠅢󠄾󠅅󠅨󠅄󠄽󠄸󠅜󠅣󠅩󠄦󠄳󠄼󠄳󠄤󠄴󠄧󠅒󠅙󠅜󠅥󠅆󠄢󠄤󠅅󠅩󠅏󠄣󠅜󠄨󠅖󠅓󠄵󠅡󠄴󠄲󠄿󠄤󠅊󠅇󠄶󠅪󠅇󠄳󠄱󠅉󠄽󠅛󠅉󠄿󠅖󠅁󠄱󠅏󠅚󠅔󠅪󠅏󠄽󠅂󠄺󠅔󠅕󠅠󠅇󠅦󠅞󠅜󠅘󠅞󠅘󠄸󠅧󠅥󠅜󠄠󠄸󠅔󠄨󠄧󠅟󠄻󠄽󠅗󠅓󠅖󠄺󠅇󠄶󠅩󠅇󠄳󠄲󠅈󠄽󠄴󠄸󠅉󠄵󠅜󠅗󠅧󠅇󠄥󠄦󠅘󠄥󠅂󠄣󠅘󠅂󠅑󠄸󠄵󠄤󠅜󠅦󠅏󠄸󠅛󠄾󠅚󠅉󠄽󠅖󠄣󠅖󠅀󠄢󠄽󠄥󠅖󠅉󠅒󠅥󠅡󠅂󠅘󠅉󠅁󠄺󠅘󠅓󠄣󠅘󠄱󠄿󠄷󠄹󠅩󠅊󠅝󠅅󠄡󠅉󠅝󠅁󠅧󠄾󠄴󠄵󠄣󠄾󠅝󠄾󠅛󠅉󠅪󠅛󠅪󠅊󠅝󠅅󠄥󠅉󠅚󠅊󠅜󠅉󠅪󠄽󠄤󠅊󠅄󠄽󠄤󠄾󠅄󠄱󠄥󠅊󠅇󠄺󠅚󠅊󠅝󠄾󠅝󠄽󠅇󠅉󠄥󠄾󠄴󠄾󠅜󠄾󠅪󠅜󠅘󠅊󠄴󠄶󠅝󠄾󠄷󠄺󠅛󠄾󠅄󠅛󠅩󠅉󠅚󠄹󠅪󠅊󠄴󠅂󠅝󠅊󠄷󠄶󠅚󠅇󠄳󠄵󠄴󠅝󠄼󠅝󠄴󠅘󠅩󠅇󠄿󠄻󠅃󠅕󠅙󠄽󠅛󠅘󠅛󠄷󠅈󠅚󠅗󠅃󠅜󠅚󠄠󠅟󠅦󠄾󠅓󠅄󠅘󠅆󠅜󠅙󠄻󠄶󠄹󠅨󠅞󠄧󠅦󠅛󠅄󠄺󠅘󠅊󠄻󠄾󠅘󠅊󠅆󠅗󠅗󠅥󠅤󠅥󠅗󠅀󠄽󠅉󠅊󠅘󠅝󠅀󠄲󠅑󠄹󠄼󠅄󠅤󠅕󠅒󠄴󠅃󠄡󠅘󠅁󠅂󠄾󠅏󠅩󠄤󠅖󠄩󠅔󠄣󠄲󠄲󠄠󠄩󠅘󠅁󠅞󠅞󠅒󠅠󠅘󠅓󠄡󠅗󠅗󠄺󠄾󠅞󠅨󠅛󠅄󠄤󠅂󠅏󠅨󠄤󠅉󠅤󠅜󠅤󠅉󠅅󠅑󠅝󠄨󠄴󠄴󠅏󠅄󠅩󠄤󠄧󠄦󠄵󠄼󠅊󠅆󠅥󠄝󠄼󠅢󠅜󠅖󠅑󠅞󠄹󠄶󠅜󠅘󠅓󠅜󠅗󠅗󠅧󠄶󠄦󠅪󠅚󠅜󠅅󠄠󠅚󠄴󠅂󠅇󠅥󠄦󠅇󠅧󠅚󠄤󠄣󠅥󠄠󠄩󠄵󠅔󠄥󠅘󠅣󠄩󠅉󠄝󠄡󠅠󠅅󠅜󠄾󠅇󠄵󠄸󠅅󠄳󠅔󠅒󠄿󠅛󠅉󠅇󠄵󠄲󠅉󠅈󠄾󠄤󠅁󠄴󠅔󠅘󠄾󠅝󠄹󠄣󠄾󠄢󠅉󠅨󠅉󠅄󠅜󠅜󠄾󠄢󠄶󠅛󠅉󠅪󠅓󠅨󠄿󠅇󠄺󠅚󠅊󠄴󠄱󠅪󠄽󠅪󠅓󠄠󠄿󠅇󠅁󠄠󠄾󠅄󠅂󠅚󠅉󠅄󠄺󠅛󠄾󠅪󠄽󠄢󠄾󠄢󠄵󠄢󠄾󠅚󠄱󠄤󠄾󠄴󠄽󠅩󠄾󠅚󠅔󠅜󠄿󠄷󠅅󠄢󠄽󠅝󠅊󠅛󠄽󠅇󠅊󠅛󠄽󠅄󠅘󠅙󠅊󠅚󠄺󠅘󠅉󠄡󠅗󠅘󠄱󠅘󠄨󠄤󠅢󠄶󠅆󠅓󠄱󠅄󠄾󠄴󠄥󠅘󠄥󠅞󠄳󠄢󠅀󠅦󠅚󠅆󠅅󠅤󠄸󠄷󠄝󠄦󠅅󠅝󠅙󠄺󠄾󠅑󠄡󠄡󠅣󠄹󠅢󠅨󠄾󠄳󠄧󠄹󠅉󠅇󠅃󠅚󠅉󠅇󠅆󠅉󠄹󠄹󠄩󠄦󠅖󠅔󠅢󠅕󠅉󠅅󠄩󠄸󠄴󠄠󠅂󠅒󠅟󠅏󠅩󠅝󠅟󠅡󠄨󠄽󠅘󠄾󠄲󠄣󠄦󠅄󠄱󠄠󠄷󠄺󠄥󠅩󠄲󠅢󠅄󠅚󠄦󠅠󠅞󠅄󠅉󠅈󠄾󠅉󠄹󠄽󠄥󠅉󠄩󠄽󠄥󠅑󠅘󠄻󠄤󠄺󠄼󠄨󠅝󠅠󠅁󠄧󠅈󠅜󠄷󠅅󠅇󠅚󠅔󠅖󠄾󠄤󠅊󠄽󠅙󠅔󠄹󠅣󠅤󠄾󠄷󠅪󠄡󠅗󠅅󠅞󠅓󠄡󠅉󠅈󠄺󠅉󠄹󠅀󠅃󠄵󠄺󠅝󠄻󠅚󠄶󠄡󠄺󠅞󠅇󠄡󠅕󠄻󠄦󠅇󠄺󠅕󠄦󠅅󠅧󠅑󠅠󠅔󠅜󠅞󠅖󠄲󠅙󠅘󠄹󠄤󠅇󠅪󠄣󠅏󠄦󠅝󠅁󠄝󠄨󠅀󠅠󠄷󠄶󠅘󠄱󠅇󠄶󠅪󠅕󠄵󠄲󠅝󠄽󠄷󠅆󠅘󠅊󠅇󠄶󠅝󠄾󠄷󠄶󠅘󠅊󠅄󠄱󠄢󠄽󠄷󠄽󠄢󠄽󠅝󠅆󠅜󠄾󠅇󠄹󠄡󠄽󠅚󠅊󠅝󠄽󠄢󠄵󠄢󠅊󠄴󠄹󠅪󠄽󠄷󠅁󠅨󠅊󠅄󠄽󠅧󠄽󠅝󠄶󠅝󠄿󠅇󠅆󠅘󠅉󠅄󠅅󠅪󠄿󠅄󠅓󠄥󠄾󠅇󠅁󠅨󠄽󠅝󠄶󠅛󠅊󠄴󠅁󠄡󠄿󠅄󠄲󠅝󠄾󠄴󠅅󠄣󠅉󠅇󠄾󠅉󠄹󠅁󠄿󠅨󠄥󠄺󠅡󠄢󠄴󠅑󠄼󠅡󠅚󠅞󠅄󠄝󠄸󠄵󠅟󠅂󠄧󠄦󠅤󠅏󠄱󠄲󠄝󠄻󠄡󠅙󠅓󠄠󠅘󠅟󠄻󠄦󠅔󠅄󠅂󠄲󠅇󠅝󠅏󠅑󠄠󠄢󠄶󠅛󠅟󠄢󠄶󠅜󠅇󠄳󠄲󠅔󠅑󠄷󠄡󠄱󠅧󠄡󠅡󠅝󠄡󠅥󠅀󠄽󠅉󠅛󠄷󠄽󠅃󠅑󠅓󠅞󠄼󠅓󠅢󠄧󠄧󠅘󠅂󠅈󠅂󠅜󠄤󠅩󠅝󠅏󠅞󠅡󠅁󠄻󠅂󠅤󠄣󠄢󠄶󠅪󠅇󠄳󠄳󠅀󠅒󠄝󠅩󠅅󠄝󠄢󠅡󠄹󠅆󠅠󠄸󠅆󠄽󠅚󠄨󠄽󠅈󠄱󠅂󠄢󠅀󠄻󠅙󠅒󠄦󠅧󠅪󠄠󠅩󠅖󠄣󠅝󠅉󠄸󠅑󠄽󠅣󠅂󠅤󠄨󠄽󠅇󠄶󠅩󠅇󠄳󠄱󠅑󠄹󠄳󠅚󠄨󠅩󠄥󠅔󠅟󠄨󠅨󠅈󠅃󠄸󠄿󠄧󠅥󠄵󠅨󠄲󠄩󠅝󠅓󠅣󠅚󠅥󠄧󠄧󠅠󠄤󠄡󠄡󠄨󠅘󠅙󠅇󠄸󠅅󠄵󠅜󠄹󠅛󠅧 grab this ecash.

Shoutout to @calle for all the great work he does. Also listen to this interview: And the following emoji is of course redeemable: 🚀󠅓󠅑󠅣󠅘󠅥󠄲󠅟󠄢󠄶󠅤󠅕󠄳󠄺󠅟󠅔󠄸󠅂󠅧󠅓󠅪󠅟󠅦󠄼󠄢󠄡󠅠󠅒󠅞󠅁󠅥󠅒󠅇󠅜󠅥󠅑󠅇󠄺󠅠󠅔󠄸󠄽󠅥󠅉󠄢󠄶󠅪󠅑󠄳󠄩󠄳󠅑󠅈󠅂󠅚󠅒󠄢󠅜󠅥󠅉󠅈󠅆󠅚󠅓󠄢󠄶󠄠󠅉󠅈󠅃󠄲󠅟󠅝󠄶󠅠󠅃󠄱󠄲󠅁󠄲󠅆󠄴󠅧󠅃󠅅󠄶󠄷󠅉󠅈󠄳󠄵󠅠󠄷󠄶󠅘󠄵󠄷󠄶󠅪󠅕󠄵󠄱󠄤󠄽󠄷󠅉󠄢󠄾󠄷󠄹󠄢󠄽󠄴󠅁󠄤󠄿󠅄󠅂󠅝󠅉󠄢󠄾󠅚󠅊󠅚󠅜󠅛󠄾󠅇󠅉󠄥󠄽󠅄󠅆󠅛󠅊󠅄󠅓󠄣󠄽󠄴󠅉󠄡󠄽󠅪󠄹󠅨󠅉󠅪󠅉󠄠󠄽󠅪󠅔󠅚󠅉󠅚󠅉󠅪󠄽󠅚󠅔󠅝󠄽󠄢󠄽󠄢󠅊󠅚󠅆󠅘󠅊󠄴󠅉󠅧󠅊󠅄󠄺󠅙󠄿󠄴󠅊󠅘󠄽󠄷󠅉󠄢󠅉󠅇󠄾󠅉󠄹󠅁󠄼󠅗󠄾󠄸󠅨󠄹󠄸󠅢󠅦󠅗󠄦󠅄󠄠󠅀󠄼󠅚󠅪󠅠󠄸󠅙󠅘󠄺󠄼󠅆󠅖󠄺󠄵󠅘󠄹󠅘󠅜󠅈󠅙󠅓󠄸󠅊󠄸󠄴󠅁󠅅󠄷󠄻󠅤󠅇󠄶󠅛󠅟󠄢󠄶󠅜󠅇󠄳󠄱󠄧󠅢󠅇󠄠󠅪󠄝󠅝󠅚󠄼󠅑󠅥󠅇󠄥󠄾󠅙󠄥󠅅󠅟󠅝󠄨󠄻󠄱󠅒󠄤󠄾󠄿󠄤󠅁󠄹󠅂󠄲󠄶󠅊󠄸󠅂󠅡󠅒󠅤󠅕󠅞󠄵󠅈󠅇󠄶󠅪󠅇󠄳󠄳󠅏󠄼󠄢󠅓󠅇󠄤󠅇󠅏󠅁󠅑󠄷󠄧󠅜󠅣󠅑󠄽󠄢󠅈󠅘󠅨󠅆󠄱󠄺󠄡󠅤󠄷󠅡󠅖󠅀󠅤󠅂󠅒󠄱󠅢󠄱󠄨󠄽󠅄󠄸󠅆󠅦󠄵󠄢󠄶󠅩󠅇󠄳󠄴󠄹󠄴󠅒󠅥󠄡󠅂󠄼󠄤󠅙󠅄󠄽󠅄󠄡󠅪󠅄󠅤󠅤󠅕󠅡󠅦󠅉󠄵󠅀󠅓󠅉󠅁󠄲󠅑󠄦󠄨󠅘󠅅󠄴󠅤󠅘󠄼󠄾󠄾󠅄󠅤󠅜󠄼󠄦󠅂󠅘󠅉󠅁󠅘󠅘󠅓󠄣󠅘󠄱󠄾󠄢󠄺󠅛󠅉󠅇󠄽󠄥󠄾󠅇󠅆󠅜󠄿󠅄󠄶󠅛󠅊󠅇󠄽󠄣󠄽󠅪󠅂󠅚󠅉󠅚󠅗󠅨󠅉󠅇󠄽󠅧󠄾󠄢󠅉󠄠󠄿󠄴󠅁󠅨󠄿󠅇󠅅󠄤󠄿󠄴󠅂󠅘󠄾󠅚󠄹󠄠󠄽󠅄󠅉󠅪󠄾󠅚󠅓󠅪󠄽󠅄󠄾󠅛󠅉󠄢󠅆󠅙󠄽󠅝󠄽󠄡󠅉󠅄󠄲󠅘󠅊󠅄󠄹󠅨󠄾󠄢󠅉󠄤󠄾󠅝󠄶󠅚󠅇󠄳󠄵󠄴󠅠󠅛󠅛󠅧󠅦󠅓󠅖󠄻󠄣󠅄󠅞󠅩󠅉󠅈󠄡󠄨󠄱󠅅󠅣󠅕󠅓󠅉󠅤󠅇󠄱󠅞󠄧󠅃󠅧󠄺󠄺󠄼󠄳󠅙󠅂󠅜󠅙󠄥󠄨󠅔󠄼󠄾󠄲󠅘󠅊󠄻󠄾󠅘󠅊󠅆󠅗󠅗󠅛󠅟󠄴󠅧󠄤󠅉󠅦󠅂󠄥󠄧󠄹󠄾󠅅󠅟󠅄󠅖󠅚󠄱󠅅󠅈󠅤󠅕󠅟󠄨󠄽󠅖󠅔󠅛󠄴󠄝󠅄󠄥󠅘󠄦󠅃󠄺󠅓󠄠󠄩󠄧󠅥󠅨󠅜󠅘󠅓󠄡󠅗󠅗󠄺󠅡󠅚󠄴󠄾󠅇󠅝󠄱󠅞󠅪󠄻󠅦󠅟󠅪󠅥󠄦󠅒󠅏󠄹󠅣󠅣󠅝󠄡󠅉󠄲󠄩󠄡󠅨󠅩󠅅󠅏󠅩󠅕󠄿󠄿󠄿󠄼󠅕󠅩󠄵󠅤󠅟󠄶󠅘󠅓󠅜󠅗󠅗󠅜󠅏󠅤󠄿󠄷󠄴󠅖󠄷󠅅󠄼󠅧󠄹󠅗󠅅󠅩󠄧󠄥󠅙󠄷󠅏󠄨󠅖󠄡󠅠󠅙󠅞󠄦󠄼󠅏󠅓󠅄󠅁󠄤󠅔󠄿󠄼󠅡󠄶󠄦󠄶󠅕󠅨󠅡󠅛󠅉󠅇󠄵󠄵󠅉󠅈󠄾󠄤󠅁󠄷󠅆󠅛󠄾󠅄󠄽󠅩󠄽󠄴󠅘󠅘󠅉󠅪󠄲󠅜󠄽󠅚󠅅󠅨󠅊󠅄󠄵󠄡󠄽󠄴󠅆󠅝󠅉󠅚󠄶󠅝󠄾󠅚󠅗󠄤󠅊󠄴󠅁󠄢󠅊󠄷󠅁󠅧󠄽󠄴󠅁󠅩󠅉󠅄󠅊󠅙󠅉󠅪󠄺󠅛󠄿󠅄󠄺󠅛󠄾󠄢󠅉󠅪󠄾󠄷󠅅󠅩󠅉󠅄󠄱󠅧󠄽󠅪󠄾󠅘󠄿󠅇󠄹󠄠󠄾󠅪󠄶󠅚󠅊󠅇󠄶󠅘󠅉󠄡󠅗󠅘󠄱󠅙󠅅󠄿󠅏󠅚󠄶󠅪󠅇󠅘󠄱󠅜󠄩󠅗󠄠󠄺󠄳󠅤󠄿󠅂󠄹󠄥󠅗󠅛󠅧󠅥󠄾󠄶󠅙󠅇󠅘󠄨󠄴󠅢󠅀󠄝󠅄󠅃󠅂󠅓󠄺󠅁󠄱󠅧󠅉󠅇󠅃󠅚󠅉󠅇󠅆󠅉󠄹󠄵󠅞󠅅󠄻󠅟󠅊󠄣󠅀󠅙󠄷󠄼󠅪󠅀󠄡󠅅󠅤󠅦󠄼󠅧󠄣󠄠󠅓󠅥󠅂󠄶󠄼󠅙󠅅󠅣󠅅󠄺󠅦󠅂󠄴󠅅󠅔󠅪󠅃󠅁󠄹󠅃󠄷󠄡󠅉󠅈󠄾󠅉󠄹󠄷󠄡󠅇󠄸󠄤󠅄󠅩󠅥󠄳󠄠󠄵󠅝󠅦󠄠󠅜󠅓󠄦󠄠󠄽󠅄󠅔󠄿󠅡󠅩󠄸󠅅󠅗󠄳󠅛󠅠󠅔󠄝󠅅󠄺󠅛󠅝󠅆󠅚󠅄󠄲󠅪󠅞󠅘󠅉󠅈󠄺󠅉󠄹󠄶󠅛󠅙󠄸󠅦󠄡󠅓󠄢󠅟󠅇󠄼󠅔󠅜󠄢󠅅󠄼󠄲󠅛󠄱󠄥󠄝󠄝󠄥󠅞󠅩󠄠󠅜󠄲󠅥󠅏󠄹󠄣󠅀󠅃󠄩󠄠󠅅󠅗󠅈󠅚󠄩󠄢󠄡󠅠󠄷󠄶󠅘󠄱󠅝󠄶󠅪󠅕󠄵󠄱󠄣󠄿󠄴󠅜󠅛󠄾󠅪󠅘󠅘󠄾󠄴󠅅󠅧󠄽󠄢󠅁󠄡󠄾󠅚󠄺󠅛󠅊󠄴󠅔󠅙󠄾󠅄󠅉󠅨󠅊󠅚󠅅󠄤󠄾󠄷󠄽󠅧󠅉󠅪󠄱󠅧󠅉󠅝󠄶󠅛󠅉󠅚󠅗󠄤󠅉󠅚󠅜󠅘󠅉󠅄󠄽󠄢󠄾󠅚󠅛󠄢󠄿󠅇󠄽󠄡󠅊󠄷󠄵󠄡󠅊󠅄󠅓󠅪󠄿󠅇󠄾󠅙󠅊󠄴󠅉󠅧󠄽󠅚󠅓󠅨󠅉󠅇󠄾󠅉󠄹󠅁󠅀󠄹󠅡󠅗󠅇󠅘󠅒󠄼󠅓󠅞󠅃󠅙󠅘󠄠󠅄󠄤󠅈󠅜󠅡󠄨󠄺󠄳󠄾󠄾󠅂󠄨󠅟󠄩󠄦󠄾󠅤󠅓󠅠󠄡󠄼󠅊󠅊󠄝󠅇󠅑󠅁󠅑󠄸󠄢󠄶󠅛󠅟󠄢󠄶󠅜󠅇󠄳󠄳󠄴󠅀󠅒󠄝󠄾󠄤󠅏󠅦󠄲󠅟󠅩󠅈󠄱󠄿󠅧󠄸󠄦󠅊󠅊󠄝󠅉󠅘󠅏󠄸󠅈󠅏󠄦󠅒󠄾󠄢󠄤󠅝󠄧󠄝󠄢󠄼󠅩󠄡󠅅󠅏󠅅󠅁󠅇󠄶󠅪󠅇󠄳󠄲󠄹󠄳󠅘󠄹󠄠󠄲󠅖󠄼󠅚󠄡󠅖󠄥󠅞󠄶󠅅󠄩󠄽󠅝󠄧󠅂󠅀󠄡󠅢󠅚󠄺󠅗󠅛󠅗󠄵󠄼󠅨󠅜󠄳󠅄󠅝󠅛󠅨󠅚󠄡󠅔󠄨󠅇󠅇󠄶󠅩󠅇󠄳󠄴󠅜󠄦󠄿󠅧󠄥󠅂󠅑󠄹󠄿󠅡󠄤󠄨󠅏󠄻󠄨󠅅󠄦󠄿󠄷󠅆󠅏󠅑󠄦󠄺󠄧󠄻󠅧󠅓󠄨󠅄󠄡󠄻󠄺󠅃󠄷󠅉󠅥󠄷󠅚󠅟󠅖󠄱󠅗 GM

STANDARDIZED WHEEL SPACING While the idea that Roman chariot wheel spacing influenced modern railway track gauge is a popular myth, there's no concrete evidence to support this claim. The Myth: * The myth suggests that Roman chariots had a standardized wheel spacing of 4 feet 8.5 inches. * This spacing was supposedly adopted for Roman roads and later influenced the design of early railways. * The persistence of this gauge in many modern railways is attributed to this historical connection. The Reality: * No Standardized Wheel Spacing: There's no evidence of a standardized wheel spacing for Roman chariots. Chariots were used for various purposes, including warfare, racing, and transportation, and their wheel dimensions likely varied. * Roman Roads: While Roman roads were well-engineered, they weren't designed with specific wheel gauges in mind. The roads were wide enough to accommodate various types of vehicles, including carts, wagons, and chariots. * Early Railways: The development of railways in the 19th century was influenced by various factors, including the existing infrastructure, engineering practices, and the specific needs of different regions. The choice of 4 feet 8.5 inches as a standard gauge was likely a practical decision based on the available technology and the dimensions of locomotives and rolling stock at the time.

Don’t overestimate people. Don’t underestimate God. Don’t overestimate idea’s. Don’t underestimate action. Don’t overestimate shitcoins. Don’t underestimate bitcoin. GM to you all.