Great lawn mowers.

Middle East: (Roughly) 1000BC Phoenicians 900BC United kingdom of Israël 800BC Aramean kingdoms. 700BC Neo assyrian empire. 600BC Neo assyrian empire. 500BC Neo Babylonian empire. 400BC Persian Median empire. 300BC Macedonian empire. 200BC Seleucid Ptolemaic. kingdoms. 100BC Parthian Armenian Pontic kingdoms 1 BC Roman empire Parthian empire. 2025 AD?

🟡 THE 12TH FULMINATA The 12th Legion, also known as Legio XII Fulminata ("Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion"), was a highly decorated unit of the Roman Imperial army. Raised by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, the legion fought alongside him during his campaigns in Gaul, participating in battles such as the Battle against the Nervians and the Siege of Alesia. During the Roman Civil War, the 12th Legion fought for Caesar against Pompey, and following Caesar's victory, the legion was rewarded with the title "Victrix" (Victorious). Under Mark Antony, the legion was renamed "XII Antiqua" and engaged in conflict against the Parthian Empire in the East. Throughout the Roman Empire, the 12th Legion was stationed in the East, primarily in Syria, where it played a crucial role in defending the eastern frontier. Additionally, the legion participated in suppressing various rebellions and uprisings throughout the Roman Empire.

Remember your Father who is in heaven, especially on Fathers day.

🟤 THE PROCEDURE OF WAR DECLARATION The Romans had a formal and ritualistic process for declaring war. The Roman Senate, the governing body of the Republic, had to first approve the decision to go to war. Following this, the Fetial priests, religious officials, would conduct a solemn ceremony where they declared grievances against the enemy state and demanded restitution. If the enemy did not comply, the Fetial priests would throw a spear into enemy territory, symbolically declaring war. This declaration was then made public to the Roman populace. This process served several purposes, including justifying the war, mobilizing public support, and ensuring that wars were not declared impulsively.

🔶 ORIGINS OF THE PARTHIANS “The Parthians, in whose hands the empire of the east now is, having divided the world, as it were, with the Romans, were originally exiles from Scythia. This is apparent from their very name; for in the Scythian language exiles are called Parthi. During the time of the Assyrians and Medes, they were the most obscure of all the people of the east. Subsequently, too, when the empire of the east was transferred from the Medes to the Persians, they were but as a herd without a name, and fell under the power of the stronger. At last they became subject to the Macedonians, when they conquered the east; so that it must seem wonderful to every one, that they should have reached such a height of good fortune as to rule over those nations under whose sway they had been merely slaves. Being assailed by the Romans, also, in three wars, under the conduct of the greatest generals, and at the most flourishing period of the republic, they alone, of all nations, were not only a match for them, but came off victorious; though it may have been a greater glory to them, indeed, to have been able to rise amidst the Assyrian, Median, and Persian empires, so celebrated of old, and the most powerful dominion of Bactria, peopled with a thousand cities, than to have been victorious in war against a people that came from a distance;” Justinus

🔶 PAPYRUS LETTER FROM ROMAN EGYPT “FROM HILARION TO ALIS Date: 1 B.C. Hilarion to his sister Alis very many greetings, likewise to my lady Berous and Apollonarion. Know that we are still in Alexandria. Do not be anxious; if they really go home, I will remain in Alexandria. I beg and entreat you, take care of the little one, and as soon as we receive our pay I will send it up to you. If by chance you bear a child, if it is a boy, let it be, if it is a girl, cast it out. You have said to Aphrodisias "Do not forget me." How can I forget you? I beg you then not to be anxious. The 29th year of Caesar, Pauni 23. {Addressed, Deliver to Alis from Hilarion.”

I’m pretty racist. But at the same time not racist at all. I feel many everyday people i meet are like that.

🔺 SPARTACUS ESCAPES “The insurrection of the gladiators and their devastation of Italy, which is generally called the war of Spartacus, had its origin as follows. A certain Lentulus Batiatus had a school of gladiators at Capua, most of whom were Gauls and Thracians. Through no misconduct of theirs, but owing to the injustice of their owner, they were kept in close confinement and reserved for gladiatorial combats. Two hundred of these planned to make their escape, and when information was laid against them, those who got wind of it and succeeded in getting away, seventy-eight in number, seized cleavers and spits from some kitchen and sallied out. On the road they fell in with waggons conveying gladiators' weapons to another city; these they plundered and armed themselves. Then they took up a strong position and elected three leaders. The first of these was Spartacus, a Thracian of Nomadic stock, possessed not only of great courage and strength, but also in sagacity and culture superior to his fortune, and more Hellenic than Thracian. It is said that when he was first brought to Rome to be sold, a serpent was seen coiled about his face as he slept, and his wife, who was of the same tribe as Spartacus, a prophetess, and subject to visitations of the Dionysiac frenzy, declared it the sign of a great and formidable power which would attend him to a fortunate issue. This woman shared in his escape and was then living with him.” (Spartacus 103-71 BC was a Thracian gladiator who led a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic known as the Third Servile War 73-71 BC). Plutarch

Hello frens

“Parthia and Judea are at it again. Send in the troops stationed in Alexandria and Syria, and arrange a meeting with the cliënt Kings of Emesa, Galilea and Commagene for aditional auxiliaries. Keep stacking sats in the meantime. “ Julius Ceasar, Commentarii de Bello middle eastern

WILL THE PARTHIANS RETALIATE?

🔘 THE YOUNG CONSTANTINE “This Constantine, then, born of Helena, a mother of very common origin, and brought up in the town of Naissus, which he afterwards splendidly adorned, had but slight training in letters. He was held as a hostage by Diocletian and Galerius, and did valiant service under those emperors in Asia. After the abdication of Diocletian and Herculius, Constantius asked Galerius to return his son; but Galerius first exposed him to many dangers. For when Constantine, then a young man, was serving in the cavalry against the Sarmatians, he seized by the hair and carried off a fierce savage, and threw him at the feet of the emperor Galerius. Then sent by Galerius through a swamp, he entered it on his horse and made a way for the rest to the Sarmatians, of whom he slew many and won the victory for Galerius. Then at last Galerius sent him back to his father. But in order to avoid meeting Severus as he passed through Italy, Constantine crossed the Alps with the greatest haste, ordering the post-horses to be killed as he went on; and he came up with his father Constantius at Bononia, which the Gauls formerly called Gesoriacum. But his father Constantius, after winning a victory over the Picts, died at York, and Constantine was unanimously hailed as Caesar by all the troops.” The Anonymus Valesianus

Imagine being the kings son and being raised not for the throne but for an administrative or priestly office, and you learn how to read and write. Then you somehow become the king after all and are very proudfull that you CAN read and write, (Assyrian kings can’t generally) and decide to build a massive library. You also invaded Chaldea, destroyed Elam, conquered Egypt, sacked Thebes. Ninevah is your capital and you order to make a giant reliëf depicting you hunting lions. Decades later your empire gets destoyed and 2500 years later archeologists dig up your massive library. And nobody talks about you because people only want to talk about the Roman Empire and WW2.

Fear not.

Touching the grass of Germania Inferior 🟣🟠

If you know what this is I want to follow you.