Extravagance of Politicians, Impoverished Population, and Blocked Networks: Understanding the 'Gen Z' Fury That Threw Nepal into Chaos
A wave of protests has left 19 people dead. Young people clashed with police, and set fire to government buildings and ministers' homes. The government has backed down on social media blocks and instituted a curfew.
Between Monday (8) and Tuesday (9), Nepal witnessed a stunning "Gen Z" revolt against the government, fueled by the stark contrast between the extravagance of politicians and the poverty of the general population. The blocking of social media was seen as the final straw for an unprecedented uprising in the country.
Context: The wave of protests plunged the country into chaos and generated historic images in the capital, Kathmandu. During the demonstrations, government buildings and ministers' homes were set ablaze. In brutal scenes, government officials were dragged through the streets by the crowd and assaulted.
💸 Social inequality is one of the main grievances of the Nepali youth that drove thousands of people into the streets. According to the World Bank, the richest 10% earn more than three times the income of the poorest 40% of the country.
One in five Nepalis lives in poverty. Furthermore, 22% of young people between 15 and 24 are unemployed. Nepal is on the UN's list of 44 least developed countries in the world.
Gaurav Nepune, one of the protest leaders, said that young people had been conducting an online campaign for three months to expose the contrast between the lives of politicians and ordinary people.
Users began criticizing the Nepali elite by posting photos of politicians' children flaunting luxury, while young people from poor families have to leave the country to support their relatives.
Amid this, corruption scandals have benefited politicians. Impunity has further fueled the population's anger.
👉 Youth Power: The demonstrations were heavily organized by "Gen Z" youth. This is the popular name given to people born between 1995 and 2009, who are between 16 and 30 years old.
They are the first generation considered digital natives, having grown up with the internet, smartphones, and social media.
Because of this, the group is often described as being more connected, critical, and engaged in debates about diversity, sustainability, and politics, in addition to having consumption and communication habits shaped by the digital environment.
🔥 The popular unrest, which resulted in the burning of the government headquarters, Parliament, and the Supreme Court, is the worst in decades in the country.
The country has faced political and economic instability since the 1990s, when a 10-year civil war resulted in the abolition of the Nepali monarchy in 2008.
Because it is so recent, democracy in Nepal is still considered very fragile.
Even so, according to the 2025 Democracy Index, published by V-Dem at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, Nepal is classified as an electoral democracy—on par with Brazil, Argentina, and Poland.
Currently, the country is governed by President Ram Chandra Poudel, a center-left politician. Khadga Prasad Oli, the Prime Minister who resigned after the protests escalated, is from the Communist Party.
Young Nepalis had already been frustrated with this instability. Millions have been forced to leave the country to work in other parts of Asia and even the Middle East, sending money back to their families who remained in Nepal.
Recently, the government blocked social media, claiming the spread of fake news and a lack of cooperation from big tech companies with the judiciary. However, the measure was seen by activists as an attempt to silence the growing online anti-corruption movement.
The social media block caused thousands of families to lose contact with young people working abroad.
Faced with this scenario, young people turned to other networks that were still available in the country, such as Viber and TikTok. It was on these platforms that the protests were mobilized.
On Monday alone, 19 people died in the demonstrations during clashes. Police used tear gas and rubber bullets against the crowd.
The number of casualties caused the situation to escalate on Tuesday, when new protests condemned the police repression.
The intensity of the demonstrations led the Prime Minister to step down.
The government also revoked the social media block.
"Every citizen of Nepal was already fed up with the corrupt government of Nepal. The anger against this government had been building up for many months, but the call for this protest was very spontaneous," digital influencer Sandip, 31, told Reuters news agency.
💥 Even after the Prime Minister's resignation, the escalation of violence continued in Nepal. The population ignored a curfew imposed by the government and continued protests overnight.
Homes of the country's officials, including that of the former Prime Minister who resigned, were attacked and burned.
The residence of another former Prime Minister, Jhala Nath Khanal, was also set on fire. His wife suffered serious injuries and was taken to the hospital.
Two airports were damaged, as were the Hilton and Varnabas hotels.
Kathmandu Airport, Nepal's main international gateway, was closed due to smoke from fires started by the protesters. It is the entry point, for example, for tourists traveling to climb Mount Everest.
Civilians were photographed carrying assault rifles in the streets of the capital.
Who's Next?
One of the most popular names among protesters to govern the country is Balendra Shah, 35. A former rapper and songwriter, he became mayor of Kathmandu in 2022 after a campaign to clean up the city's streets and rivers.
After the deaths of protesters during the Monday demonstrations, Shah called the then-Prime Minister a "terrorist" who did not understand the "pain of losing a son or daughter."
On Tuesday, after Oli's resignation, he called for calm from his almost 784,000 followers on Instagram.
"Dear Generation Z, the resignation of your political oppressors has happened! Now, please, have patience," he wrote. 







The Digital Canvas and the Blockchain: Reshaping the Art World with NFTs
The art world, once largely bound by physical mediums and traditional institutions, is undergoing a seismic shift. Digital art, long a niche category, has exploded into the mainstream, fueled by the revolutionary technology of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). This convergence of creative expression and blockchain innovation is not merely a fleeting trend; it represents a fundamental redefinition of ownership, provenance, and value in the artistic landscape.
What is Digital Art and Why Now?
Digital art, in its broadest sense, encompasses any artistic work created or presented using digital technology. This can range from pixel art and 3D renders to generative art and immersive interactive experiences. For decades, a key challenge for digital artists was the lack of inherent scarcity; digital files could be infinitely replicated, making it difficult to establish unique ownership and value.
The rise of high-quality digital tools, global internet access, and platforms like Instagram and ArtStation paved the way for a vibrant digital art community. However, it was the advent of NFTs that truly unlocked its potential, providing the missing piece of the puzzle: authenticated scarcity in a digital realm.
NFTs: The Blockchain's Game-Changer for Artists
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are unique digital assets stored on a blockchain, most commonly Ethereum. Unlike cryptocurrencies, which are "fungible" (meaning each unit is interchangeable), each NFT is distinct and cannot be replaced by another. This uniqueness allows NFTs to represent ownership of a specific digital item, whether it's an image, a video, an audio file, or even a tweet.
For digital artists, NFTs are transformative because they:
Establish Provenance and Ownership: An NFT acts as a verifiable certificate of authenticity and ownership. When you buy an NFT of a digital artwork, you own that specific, blockchain-recorded token, even if copies of the digital file itself can still exist online. This is akin to owning an original painting while prints of it are widely available.
Empower Artists Directly: NFTs cut out many traditional intermediaries like galleries and auction houses. Artists can mint (create) their own NFTs and sell them directly to collectors on marketplaces, often receiving a higher percentage of the sale price and even royalties on secondary sales.
Create New Revenue Streams: The ability to prove scarcity and ownership has unlocked entirely new markets for digital art, leading to unprecedented sales figures for many digital artists.
Build Communities: The NFT space is characterized by strong communities around artists and projects. Collectors often become patrons, investing not just in the art, but in the artist's journey and future works.
Challenges and the Evolving Landscape
While revolutionary, the NFT art space is not without its complexities and controversies. Concerns around environmental impact (due to the energy consumption of some blockchains), copyright infringement, scams, and market volatility are ongoing discussions.
However, the technology continues to evolve rapidly. More energy-efficient blockchains are emerging, and platforms are developing better tools for intellectual property protection. As the market matures, there's a growing focus on sustainable practices and robust legal frameworks.
The Future: A Blended Reality
The future of art, undeniably influenced by NFTs, points towards a blended reality where digital and physical art increasingly intertwine. We can expect:
Phygital Art: Artworks that combine both physical and digital elements, with the NFT serving as a certificate for both.
Dynamic and Generative NFTs: Artworks that change over time based on external data or user interaction, with the NFT representing ownership of this evolving piece.
Art in the Metaverse: NFTs will be fundamental to owning and displaying art within virtual worlds, allowing for immersive gallery experiences and digital public art.
The digital canvas is boundless, and NFTs have provided the mechanism to truly own a piece of it. This isn't just about pixels on a screen; it's about a fundamental shift in how we perceive, create, collect, and value art, democratizing access and empowering a new generation of creators. The art world will never be the same, and that's an exciting prospect for artists and collectors alike.



