More from Peter Gray's book, Free to Learn. How schools kill critical thinking; what this means for "high achieving" students makes it particularly scary to me:
"the grading system, which is the chief motivator throughout our system of education, is a powerful force against honest debate and critical thought in the classroom. In a system in which we teachers do the grading, few students are going to criticize or even question the ideas we offer, and if we try to induce criticism by grading for it, we generate false criticism.
To think critically, people must feel motivated and free to voice their own ideas and raise their own questions. But in school students learn that their own ideas and questions don't count. What counts are their abilities to provide the "correct" answers to questions that they did not ask and that do not interest them. And "correct" means the answers that the teachers or the test producers are looking for, not necessarily answers that the student really understands or cares about, or really believes are correct, or finds useful in daily life"
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