Why this was #unprecedented Before Purdue: 1. Bankruptcy protection applied to the bankrupt entity 2. Not to wealthy owners who stayed solvent Purdue tried to: 1. Use a company’s bankruptcy 2. To shield private individuals 3. From liability for mass harm Lower courts allowed it. Why? 1. Fear that without immunity, the Sacklers would walk away 2. States wanted the money now, not litigation later 3. Victims were fragmented, exhausted, and underfunded This is #leverage , not #justice