Quantum states can be understood as how local frames of reference encode finite information in a way that is consistent with other frames. Standard quantum mechanics implicitly assumes that the system under observation becomes fully correlated, or coherent, with the observer during measurement, allowing the observer to extract all accessible information through their mutual correlations. This local informational update is what is commonly referred to as "collapse".
The fully coherent quantum description fails when the observer's frame lacks the resolution or access to capture the full structure of the system. For instance, an observer outside a black hole cannot access the interior, so their quantum state must remain incomplete. In cosmology, rapidly expanding regions can become causally disconnected, forcing observers to work with partial, frozen information. In all these cases, the quantum state becomes a resolution-dependent approximation, an expression of what the observer can distinguish, not a globally valid object.