Idk if it’s cause I’m a citizen but never fingerprinted at customs, have always been able to opt out of all photos. Never had to dox my info for an Airbnb either beyond what’s in my profile.

no biometrics required for europeans for EU customs, hotels in US also required ID every time I've been world sucks

america has been collecting biometrics at borders at least since 911

Yup. Brought it in after 9-11. First machines were shit and didn't work. My friend followed instructions to "just press harder" until he put his thumb through the machine. Immigration chap didn't seem terribly happy but was only following instructions