"Did the central banks learn from the soviets (Viktor Glushkov)?"

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"MUSLIMS LIVING IN NON-MUSLIM COUNTRIES" "After the end of the second world war, the collapse of the British empire occurred where several countries declared 'independence' and yet various groups who did fight the british, the descendents chose to leave the country towards the country which colonised them. Various south asian workers moved to Britain who were involved in the manufacturing industry." "Britain isn't the only case where Muslims chose to go to and reside there. America, Australia, France, Germany, austria, italy and other countries." "Various Muslims have struggled as the debate about 'integration', 'immigration' occured when violent attacks on immigrants occurred. In different countries, different muslims find themselves in a situation where they are not only a minority in a country but deal with various non-muslim groups (leftist, conservatives), muslims are in a situation where the state intervenes and tries to 'integrate' muslims into the state system and the state does try to undermine Muslims both mentally and physcially." "In India, house of Muslims have been bulldozed, police participate in the killing of Muslims, several riots have occurred. America funds feministic groups abroad. The question is what do Muslims do in these type of situation?" "There are those who say leave the non-muslim majority country. Hijrah is an obligation and residing in dar-ul-harb permanently is haraam. The question is now how does Muslims comply with the rulings on the topic of hijrah when the muslim is in a system that consists of passports, secular nation-states and governments of muslim-majority countries being more averse towards immigrants than western countries are. It's important to understand that doing hijrah whilst there is this current system is not easy. Obtaining a 'residential permit' in a muslim-majority country is much more difficult than obtaining it in a western country. Those who have obtained citizenship without 'naturalisation', they have uttered an oath that entails kufr." "The question arises, what do the diaspora Muslims deal with residing in a non-muslim majority country?" "On the topic of the methodology of approaching leftists and 'conservatives', the question is who are the leftists and the 'conservatives'. Whilst some view the terms 'leftists' and 'conservatives' as 'indefinite terms', both of these people believe in a combination of 'legal postivism' and 'liberalism' when leftists emphasies on pushing more social change whilst conservatives want to preserve the social changes that have been pushed and the battles you see between them is related to that. Leftists tend to be more liberal than conservatives. Leftists are more inclined towards socialism and marxism whilst conservatives are inclined toward capitalism and corporate oligarchy. Leftists are much more focused on emphasising on "equality" than conservatives are. The question arises on who to work with." "Historically speaking, diaspora Muslims have worked with leftist organisations and haven't worked with western conservatives that much when western conservatives focus a lot on anti-immgration sentiment which leftists claim to oppose. When leftists talk about Muslims, they outwardly talk about muslims as a 'racial category being attacked by the state'. In other words, leftists are willing to work with muslims as long as the Muslim doesn't outwardly speak about the islamic viewpoint of marriage, governance and economics. Leftists become more hostile towards muslims if they no longer see muslims as being persecuted and they see muslims as being heavily involved in governance. At the same time, there are worldly benefits in working with leftists in terms of access to academia, trade unions and grassroot organisations willing to help muslims. Now there was a time when Muslims did try to work with conservatives in terms of approaching the 'transgender' issue and how sex was being taught in schools. It's important to remember at the time that the backlash against this happened after a protest in Birmingham which did spark a debate on how sex was being taught in schools. There was some hostility shown toward Muslims at the same time, there were rabbis and several nationalists who attended the protests including Katie Hopkins where there was this emphasis on 'agree to disagree but we are working together against these people.' The situation of this cooperation changed after October 7th when Zionists lured back the western conservatives again and we saw the southport riots." "Cooperation with western conservatives tends to be more unstable than the cooperation with leftists when western conservatives despise those whom they perceive as weak and they view immigrants as the enemy. Whilst leftists despise the rich and the wealthy and they are willing to work with Muslims as long as they perceive Muslims as being 'weak' and 'poor'. Muslims have generally cooperated with leftists especially when dealing with anti-muslim sentiment of the western conservatives and Muslims have rarely cooperated with western conservatives when dealing with degenerate opponents." "On the topic of careers, diaspora Muslims have currently focused the human capital in several areas including finance, healthcare and other areas. The question is what career do we want some diaspora Muslims to be in?" "Some disencourage diaspora muslims to joining the manufacturing sectors or companies that are part of the manufacturing industry. When a country is in a state of war, manufacturing aspects of the economy are viewed as dual use industries that are used within a war economy. If someone assists disbelievers against muslims, that person has committed kufr and Muslims need to stay away from western arms companies which are involved in selling weapons to several secular governments which attack Muslims. That being said, Muslims who are involved in the finance industry are able to raise lots of money and gather lots of wealth and much more compared to engineers. Muslims who are involved in finance are able to have some sort of wealth fund that could be used towards charities, schools, infrastructure etc."

"One of the things that the news of 9/11 hidden was the recession that took place between 2001-2002 which was when the collapse of the dot com bubble occurred when several firms ran out of capital as they became unprofitable. Some firms survived which were founded during the dot com bubble: Google, amazon and ebay."

"There are many who call the service sector 'fake' and they think that the industry is the 'real economy' whilst they deny the basics of economics such as the formula of GDP."

"In the book, 'The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians Of Change', which is a book written by Muhammad Qasim Zaman, the book says: 'In British India, until 1939, while apostasy was recognised as valid grounds for the dissolution of the marriage contract, as Hanafi law maintained, it was not considered the court's function to force the wife to reconvert to Islam and remarry her former spouse—as the Hanafis also required. Consequently, a number of Muslim women, especially in the Punjab, apostatised in order to rid themselves of undesirable husbands.'"

"ORGANS AND TECHNICS" "The common topic that arises with technology is that whether technology displaces human workers or not. Behind these types of questions there are various assumptions and views on technology or specifically in this case technics which has been defined in multiple ways." "A french anthropologist who has the name, 'Leroi Gourhan' who viewed technology as an alternative to the utilisation of one's memory and organs, he did see variations of technics globally as 'technical facts' whilst he viewed aspects of technics which were necessary as 'technical tendecies'. An implicit understanding behind 'technical facts' is that humans are very much involved in influencing technics which sort of undermines the claim that technics replaces human workers." "Much of the dispute between luddites and luddites is what technology is in terms the relationship it has with organs." "Cybernetics which is about the communication of information between electronic devices, that emphasies on structures which have feedback loops and recursions such that many who studied cybernetics was inspired by african architecture." "Those who are familiar with ai are probably aware of the different machine algorithms such supervised learning, unsupervised learning and reinforcment learning. In the context of cybernetics, the reinforcement learning algorithms are of interest particular a form of deep-learning algorithm known as recurrent neural networks. These type of algorithms have been used with sequential data when the algorihmic structure contains structures containing loops and feedback loops." "Why mention cybernetics? How does this relate to the relationship between technology and organs when cybernetics relates to the flow of information? If you look at the sensory organs of the humans, the nose, the mouth, the tongue, the eyes and the ears, these organs respond to sensory stimuli over a period of time. A sensory stimuli over period of time could be described as similar to sequential data. There are various biological systems which are quite similar to recurrent neural networks in terms of networks where lines of which connect each node bears the similitude to the flow of data." "The fact that deep learning algorithms are called, 'Neural networks' in the first place is already an indication of cybernetics being the artificial imitation of the structures of biological systems that are observed in nature." "What further disturbs the human as he observes the topics discussed in cybernetics is the illusion of 'thinking' in which these feedback systems no longer see the initial dataset it was fed as the reference point but it sees the updated data as the reference, i.e. people see the system itself as the reference." "What are the consequences of technological systems becoming a 'medium'?" "In the context of electronic media which became a mode of communication particularly pornographic sites which feeds upon data of millions of individual's habits, modern man seeks pleasure via particular images or videos out of his desire of sexual stimulation. These images and videos become the competitors of sexual stimulation in comparison to the real breasts, vaginas, and face which the man seeks sexual stimulation. Such videos and images are not merely only representation of the distortion of the real, they are viewed as part of the real where such distortions within sexual desire are acted upon these several individuals as part of their craze of a dopamine hit." "The mixture of technology and pornography that has been pushed by others is part of their attempt in displacing the viewership and the massaging of real sexual organs without an electronic medium as sexual stimulants whilst the videos and the images of pornographic material has become a new hole in which the hole swallows the penis and penetrates the bodily organs of the human." "As we have seen the consequences of pornography mixing with technology, the functionalist view of technology is undermined by this phenomena as the cyberneticians do not view technology as a tool but they see it as an extension of the human body." "One aspect of the narrative about technology is that it contains an implicit denial of the human willingness to do things." "Others expected the human to conform to the technological system as you pay financial transactions via card, use google sheets to write documents, use mobile to communicate and pay parking tickets via apps alongside the human is stuck with websites and engaging with algorithms as he navigates through the online to find a job." "The human feels trapped in this web of technology which he climbs on. But like webs, technology is quite sticky and as the more you engage in modern technology the more you feel trapped." "Modern technology does not seek your consent, it penetrates you whether you consent or not and it's hard not to metaphormise aspects of modern technology as some sort of plague which approaches you." "The current technological centralisation pushed by the nation-state, they not only dismiss the bodily functions of the human, they reject the human will. In other words, they believe that the human is merely another insignificant inanimate object penetrated with wires and circuits."

"Many of the parents of today have been raised in schools where they see the school as similar to the "parent". Nation-states tend to intervene more in the private affairs of people than pre-modern governments did."

"THE BENEFITS OF COUSIN MARRIAGE." "One of the topics that does frequently come up amongst muslims is cousin marriage. Whilst muslims do affirm the validity of a cousin marriage, not all necessarily encourage it out of fear of offspring having 'defects'. What I claim is that there is a lot of worldly benefits with cousin marriage and the fear of these supposed 'defects' is exaggerated...massively." "The benefits of cousin marriage is quite numerous whilst I want to focus on the large-kin networks which is associated with the number of both economic advantages and social advantages. To understand the benefits of large-kin networks, think about a hypothetical situation of a man who has passed his exams, he has done his job experience and his CV has little to no gaps. He tried to do the job interview...and he failed. He did it again. And he failed. He did it again...and he failed. Several times he has failed. You might think it's an 'extreme hypothetical situation' but this 'extreme hypothetical situation' is very much common amongst many job-seekers who struggle to find work as they realise that some skills that they claim to have is something that more than a thousand people have. Also, ask yourself this question, how does this individual with a degree is able to find a job despite his his vast skillset and experience? Large kin-networks. Such large-kin networks are more effective than a linkedin network as large kin networks are more willing to help the individual as they have higher degree of loyalty to the person, sympathy to the person and willingness to the person as that person happens to have familial ties with. In other words, in areas that where your individual capacity is unable to reach, large kin networks are able to aid the individual with a large support network where that person is able to reach areas of institutions that the ordinary person is not able to obtain who happens to not have the 'connections'. In other words, you're able to practice nepotism more effectively with large kin networks than linkedin networks. There are numerous worldly benefits of large-kin networks as not only do these large-kin networks help in terms of not only finding jobs, they also help a man or woman get married or help several businesses financially (majority of business in several countries are family businesses) and also there is larger forms of cooperations." "Some might ask for cases of large kin networks who were highly influential. In Europe, there were several members of european monarchies who were involved in a cousin marriage. One of the famous cases was Elizabeth who married her first cousin. The rothschilds family who are a jewish family involved in the financial systems of the british state (Blackrock), the members of that family have been involved in cousin marriage." "Now some ask about the 'genetic defects'. Alan H. Bittles who has studied the health effects associated with cousin marriage for at least 35 years and who has wrote the book, 'Consanguinity in Context', he has said, 'For over 90% of cousin marriages, their risk [of having a child with a genetic abnormality] is the same as it is for the general population,' Whilst he does acknowledge studies of offspring of two cousins with risks of illnesses statistically is 3-4% higher than the rest of the population but these risks are usually occur to couples who are carriers of disorders which are...very rare. In pakistan, 40% of marriages are cousin marriages and you don't see high number of people with 'genetic defects'. Now some might still avoid it still out of fear of 'defects' but as you know, many members of the masses aren't very consistent especially when increases in maternal age is associated with down-syndrome pregnancies yet we don't see these non-muslims encourage getting married early. You see the opposite when they encourage people to get married later. When they've been confronted with the fact that increases in maternal age is associated with down-syndrome pregnancies and questioned about their support of the abolition of age of consent, they throw away their supposed 'eugenic' arguments and they utter inconsistent nonsense and they avoid the topic. Now ask yourself, if you were really concerned about birth defects, why aren't you getting married early? If you're above 18, why haven't you got married at the age of 18 if you were really afraid of these supposed 'defects'?" "There have been several claims uttered by christians, hindus and jews towards cousin marriage. What the christian doesn't understand is that the old testament and the new testament do not reject cousin marriage. Whilst the new testament does not comment on cousin marriage, the old testament endorses cousin marriage and it claims that god commanded cousin marriage, according to Numbers 36:6-11. Whilst the jews claim to believe in the torah, they do believe in the talmud which is an oral interpretation of the old testament. The jews believe that the talmud is more important than the torah. According to Yevamot 62b, the talmud endorses cousin marriage and according to maimondes, he claims its a mitzvah to marry your niece. Hinduism endorses cousin marriage according to the 'Mahabharata'. The hindu scholars believe that the text is a smiriti text."

Were there companies which had multiple stakeholders during pre-modernity?

I was on twitter recently and I came across a tweet which reminded me of the book "FlatLine Constructs". That tweet said: "Another example of this is...Elon Musk. He's a very unique case as he's the victim of his own algorithms, He legit believed he could take down trump or that he could start his own political party w his talking points lol."

"POST-HALLAQISM: THE NETWORK STATE" "Ever since the supposed 'french revolution' took place where not only a new western spectrum was introduced by the french, the concept of the nation-state was introduced which was the rejection of the monarchy and christian institutions which were associated with clergy." "Nation-states are not very old idea but very recent ideas introduced by western modernists. Yet today people act as if nation-states have been around for a millennia and they are not able to conceive a world without nation-states...unless you mention technology." "Technology especially in the modern era has been major disruptor of societies as many things have happened in merely 20 years. Twitter used to be similar to facebook, then it became an online platform which activists used as part of their political activities and now it's been taken by elon musk who is close to the current american administration." "Twitter hasn't been around for more than 30 years yet people act as if it's been here for a 1000 years as lots of people view the past 1 year as equivalent to a 1000 years ago. Has technology already pushed forward a new concept of governance?" "An individual with the name, 'Balaji' has suggested his idea of a new form of governance. The network state. The network state is a state which is led by a founder of an online community which crowdfunds territory. This network state has the following features: Integrated cryptocurrency, social smart contract, virtual capital and a digital census." "It's important to understand that 'Balaji' emphasises on cryptocurrency as being one of the main features of a network state but more specifically the usage of blockchain technology as part of 'digital spine' of this network state where he conceives this form of decentralised technology being used to deal with digital assets, smart contracts and other digital documents that are equivalent to the documents you see being requested by the nation-state." "There is iktilaf on the ruling on the permissibility of cryptocurrency. Some say its halal, some say otherwise and you the bitcoiner have already decided where you stand on this topic." "The individual named 'Balaji' emphasizes on cryptocurrency as a new method of recording history whereby this cryptocurrency or more specifically in this case blockchain is a digital ledger such that it records the transactions which is hard to reverse through the usage of the hash function." "An obvious problem does arise though through the usage of advanced modern technology as a method to record historical data, is that technology has rapidly changed, very fast where now people are more skeptical towards photography after the introduction of a.i. and there are questions regarding how effective today's cryptogrpahy is especially with quantum computing. What if computers have more computing power and if it does what if hackers use it for brute-force attacks? To put it simply, there is still much we don't know about how rapid technology is which has rendered other forms of technologies as obsolete meanwhile books are still in use and has been preserved for a longer period than websites. In other words, both practically speaking and epistemically speaking, the claim that blockchain is an effective record of historical events is questionable given the rise of rapid technologies which has historically speaking, rendered many forms of technologies and even some of the latest technologies as obsolete." "The individual named "Balaji" goes into more detail on the usage of smart contracts which are digital agreements similar to the contracts you sign on paper which relates to the government. But what differentiates this digital agreement from some other digital agreements is that it doesn't involve a third-party intermediary." "Smart contract is used for various things including digital census which "Balaji" emphasises on but he see these smart contracts being used similarly to how passports are used. At the moment, ethrenium is known for smart contracts whilst bitcoin isn't. So a question does arise is that are there multiple cryptocurrencies in this network state or is there one cryptocurrency in this network state?" "The topic of a virtual capital is interesting as it changes our understanding of the cyberspace as usually when we refer to a capital city, we are referring to something to a big city on land whilst "balaji" has other ideas where he suggests that the capital of this network state should be in the cyberspace. He suggests a web3 login for citizens and usage of vr technology in exploration of this virtual capital whilst he suggests that digital borders of this network state is 'invisible' which he compares with the borders of the nation-state which is 'visible'. Could the definition of dar-ul-islam incorporate cyberspace? The question does this digital space have some sort of firewall? What prevents hackers from penetrating this digital space? Is it something similar to session?" "On the topic of policing, the individual named 'balaji' who does emphasizes on digital enforcement similar to how accounts are frozen by the government, he does believe that the network state is not likely to deal with physical individuals who act contrary to the network state within the crowd funded territories in the starting phase. He does believe that the network state is probably going to cooperate with the police of the nation-state in dealing with these people. This is quite problematic as it raises the fear of people cooperating with non-muslims against muslims and he implies that it is probable that the network state is unable to carry out hadd punishment in the starting phase of the network state." "Is the islamist planning on starting some sort of company that has similar mechanisms to the network state? Who knows?"

"An individual with the name 'Ron Eglash' who wrote an essay titled, 'African Influences in Cybernetics', it says the following: 'The use of African material culture as a form of analog representation is particularly vivid in cases of recursive information flow. In African architecture, recursive scaling – that is fractal geometry – can be seen in a variety of forms."

"RETHINKING UNIVERSITIES" "As the economy became more modernised with an increase in mass literacy, more and more people especially now are participating in universities and graduating which is something that labour economists take into consideration. One famous labour economic model proposed by Michael Spence was about education being a form of market signalling to employers about the productivity of an individual but since the employer now has more information about the productivity of graduates as job market is over-saturated with graduates, their beliefs have changed and the expectations of graduates have changed." "Now employers are less likely to invest in graduates as they realise the gap to the perceived levels of productivity and the actual levels of productivity is very different but it doesn't mean that university is entirely useless but now it is seen as a minimum requirement to be perceived to be at a certain level of productivity meanwhile those who are unable to afford to do it are still under the perception of the employer to have the same level of productivity as someone with less qualifications as both he and the other individual. Now as apprentices and tradesman are now seen as more productive with their work expierence, will employers change their belief if there is an over saturation of people who have work experience? Whilst this subject to another discussion, it is important to highlight this as it demonstrates the undeniable correlation between education levels and the labour markets and from the perspective of Michael Spence, education levels can be perceived by others as a form of market signalling." "Whilst some are idealistic about of the idea that universities is a gathering of intellectuals, universities still are perceived as buildings of 'high status' as graduates are unable to find a job. But it didn't seem that these graduates ever knew that universities are really research centers when they explored the university as if it was another state school or high school. Contrary to the views of others, many youngsters are ruthlessly pragmatic as they see the university as a means to an end in obtaining a job with high salary. Thus we have explored the correlation between status and education levels." "The masses do seem to complain about PhD candidates not showing practical research that has some utility in it and in their attempt in showing this, they focus on researchers in humanities subjects. It does seem this crowd of people are quite inconsistent towards the subjects of stem when there are numerous topics within those subjects that do not have practical utility and it is notable that this rage is not directed at mathematicians who are known for engaging in a lot of abstract calculations. It could be argued that some of the research conducted is practically useless but if we look at what may interest us for example a fasnciating observation of how animal express their emotions. Now if we look at the job market, what kind of employer cares about this? An accountant? A lawyer? A mechanic? But what about researchers. If you explore or list down some of the interesting things you've thought about or looked at, ask yourself, does knowing these things help you find a job? One does need to understand there is a huge sunk costs to research but if someone is serious about building research centers, sunk costs is something to endure. Whilst it is the case you might get some 'useless' research but practically speaking, this is part of the buraeucracy of the research process. It something that is likely to happen." "The question arises is, what do you do? A suggestion is to introduce big changes. What is meant by big, in this case is that it so big that the employers feels that they're entering the unknown but not to the extent that they don't understand the system but to the extent of which they struggle to guess the exact productivity of a worker. What these big changes mean is that it avoids resembling the current university system otherwise the employers are probably going to think that these changes are mainly to do with adminstration stuff or some different curtains. So these changes involve some big structural changes. The aim of this is to bring back the effectiveness of the market signalling aspect of university education." "In terms of the 'status' aspect involved in universities, the islamist need to take into consideration of what they want the 'elite' to look like? Does the islamist want the elite to be handsome pious polymaths who are fluent classical arabic? Does the islamist want some physical appearance tests? Does the islamist want tests about classical Arabic? Does the islamist want examinations which tests someone's knowledge of Islam? Does the islamist want to use these exams as a prerequisite for entry into this system? What about the research process? What aspect of that needs to change?" "An obvious trade off in reducing the number of students in universities is that the number of students who are willing to do research probably decreases. So what is a method which offsets this tradeoff? The changes to offset this tradeoff involve changing the lower stages of the educational system i.e. elementary and high school such that there is two systems where one is a pipeline towards research centers and the other is a pipeline to jobs such as accountants, tradesman etc. This research system could be implemented via suggesting to the parents of the child that this person has a particular talent which could be utilised in specialist schools which train the kid into working on his/her special talent. Meanwhile the other system could be a certification system with the basic literacy test attached to it. This cerificiation system could include pipelines to 'high status' jobs such as consultancy and other jobs without entering university. Now some might say, there are jobs that do require a level of university education and the certification system could adjust to this with specific high status jobs that require university education being attached to specific ladders within the certification system. For example an IT technician who doesn't necessarily need university education who has a certificate could use his ceritfication to unlock the next door to higher status job that actually requires university education." "Whilst there are some other suggestions to look at in terms of changing the university system, it's important to remember the following things about is big changes, taking into consideration about university being perceived as 'high status' and changes to the lower stages of the educational system."