Lane G. Tipton, "Covenant Theology and Eastern Orthodoxy"

New Horizons June 2026: Covenant Theology and Eastern Orthodoxy
Both Eastern Orthodoxy and confessional Reformed theology affirm the ecumenical creeds and profess commitment to their doctrinal orthodoxy. Yet wit...
Excerpt:
"Both Eastern Orthodoxy and confessional Reformed theology affirm the ecumenical creeds and profess commitment to their doctrinal orthodoxy. Yet within that shared creedal framework, irreducible doctrinal differences emerge—most apparently in the Reformation doctrines of sola Scriptura and justification sola fide. By sola Scriptura, the Reformed confess that Holy Scripture, as the self-authenticating Word of God, stands as the supreme and final authority in all matters of faith and life, such that the Holy Spirit speaking in Scripture judges all councils, traditions, and human opinions (Westminster Confession of Faith 1.10). By justification sola fide, the Reformed confess that God justifies sinners by imputing to them the righteousness of Christ alone, received through faith alone, apart from the good works of the believer, in union with Christ (Shorter Catechism 33).
"Without the clarity offered by these two doctrinal touchstones, one risks conflating fundamentally distinct doctrines under shared terminology and thereby obscuring differences decisive for both Scripture and salvation. Engagement with Eastern Orthodoxy can otherwise become mired in ambiguous categories such as “mystery,” “participation,” or “tradition.” Responsible comparison requires focusing on those topics where both traditions speak with doctrinal clarity.
"Eastern Orthodoxy rejects the Reformed understanding of both sola Scriptura and justification sola fide. Orthodoxy locates Scriptural authority within the church’s infallible interpretive tradition; the Reformed locate it in the self-authenticating voice of the Spirit speaking in Scripture. Orthodoxy construes justification within transformative theosis[1]; the Reformed define justification as a forensic act grounded in Christ’s imputed righteousness and received by faith alone. These doctrinal differences are substantive, irreducible, and of great religious significance."