Russula emetica: Known as the Sickener, is a common mushroom species belonging to the genus Russula, which is a diverse group with over 750 #species worldwide. It is recognised by its vibrant red cap and white stem, with a broad, flat or slightly depressed cap at maturity. This mushroom species is commonly found in coniferous and deciduous #forests across North America and Europe, typically appearing in late summer and autumn. Despite its beautiful appearance, Russula emetica is not a mushroom to be eaten lightly. As the common name 'sickener' implies, this mushroom is known for its strong emetic properties, causing severe gastrointestinal distress when consumed raw or undercooked. However, when thoroughly cooked, some argue that it's edible, though it tends to have a very peppery and acrid taste that isn't appreciated by many. #fungi #mushrooms #grownostr

Phellinus Igniarius: Known as Willow Bracket or Fire Sponge, is a perennial basidiomycetous fungus typically found in the Northern Hemisphere. It prefers to grow on hardwood trees like #willow, #poplar, and #birch, although it has also been reported on various other tree species. As a white rot fungus, it plays a vital role in breaking down the lignin and cellulose in wood, contributing to the nutrient cycle in #forest ecosystems. This saprophytic species tends to colonise #trees that are already dying or dead, but can occasionally behave as a weak parasite on weakened trees. The fruiting body of P. Igniarius is typically hoof or bracket shaped, often with a dark, cracked upper surface that reveals a brown or blackish crust. Beneath this crust, the flesh is brown and tough, often forming a series of concentric growth rings. An interesting feature of P. Igniarius is its ability to smolder like a piece of charcoal, which has given rise to its common name, the "fire sponge". #fungi #mushroom #grownostr

Penicillium chrysogenum is a species of fungus that is highly significant in the history of medicine. This particular species is renowned as the source of penicillin, the world's first antibiotic, discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. It is found commonly in indoor environments and various types of soil and decaying matter. It reproduces asexually through the production of spores and has a global distribution. The beneficial contribution of P. chrysogenum to pharmaceutical science lies in its ability to produce penicillin, a compound which inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby acting as an effective bactericide. This was harnessed during the 1940s, when strains were selectively improved through repeated mutation and selection to increase the yield of penicillin production, revolutionising the treatment of bacterial infections. Today, improved strains of this fungus continue to be a primary source for the industrial production of penicillins. #fungi #grownostr #medicine #health

Clathrus Archeri: Known as the Devil's Fingers or Octopus Stinkhorn, is a unique species of fungus known for its strong, unpleasant odour. Originating from Australia and Tasmania, it is now found in various parts of the world including Europe and North America. The life cycle of Clathrus archeri begins with the formation of a white or pinkish 'egg' in the ground, from which the fruiting body develops. As it matures, the 'egg' splits open, revealing the arms which are initially collapsed around the gleba but soon unfold and spread outward. The strong, putrid smell of the gleba attracts flies and other insects, aiding in the dispersal of the fungus's spores. Despite its unsavory odor and bizarre look, Clathrus archeri is not known to be poisonous, but it's typically considered inedible due to its foul smell and taste. #fungi #mushrooms #grownostr #zapathon

Tuber Melanosporum: Known as the Black Périgord truffle or French black #truffle, is one of the world's most esteemed and costly edible fungi. Indigenous to Europe, this species is most famously associated with the Périgord region in southwest France but it also thrives in Spain, Italy and other parts of the continent where its preferred habitat, calcareous soil in association with host trees such as oaks and hazelnuts, is available. It's life cycle begins when its spores germinate and form mycelia that establish a symbiotic relationship with the roots of its host trees. This intricate process forms a mycorrhizal network which helps both the #fungus and the host tree by facilitating the exchange of nutrients. It is the fruiting body of this fungus that is harvested as truffles, typically in winter months, often with the assistance of specially trained dogs or pigs who can detect their strong aroma. The rarity and labor-intensive harvesting process, coupled with its highly sought after flavour and aroma, contribute to the high market value of Tuber Melanosporum. #fungi #mushroom #grownostr

Trametes versicolor: Known as Turkey Tail due to its concentrically ringed, multicoloured appearance reminiscent of a turkey's tail, is a type of polypore mushroom that grows worldwide. This saprophytic fungus colonises dead logs in densely packed clusters, acting as a decomposer and playing a crucial role in nutrient cycling within ecosystems. It's characterised by a leathery, fan-shaped, bracket form with zones of different colors, typically in shades of brown, gray, and blue. Its underside has minute, whitish pores rather than gills. Trametes versicolor has been traditionally utilised in medicinal practices, particularly in Asian cultures, for its immune-enhancing properties. The mushroom contains a bioactive compound, polysaccharide-K (PSK), which has been shown to stimulate the immune system and is used as an adjuvant in cancer treatment in Japan. Furthermore, Trametes versicolor's lignin-degrading enzymes make it a promising candidate for bioremediation applications, providing a natural solution to environmental pollution caused by synthetic dyes and other pollutants. #fungi #mushrooms #grownostr

Flammulina velutipes: Known as the velvet shank, is a species of edible mushroom found in various parts of the world. It belongs to the family Physalacriaceae and have a smooth, velvety texture, hence the name "velvet shank." The caps range in colour from orange to brownish-yellow, while the stems are long, thin, and fibrous. It has a mild, delicate flavour with a slightly crunchy texture and is rich in essential nutrients such as dietary fibre, potassium, and B vitamins. Photo by: Archenzo, CC BY-SA 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/, via Wikimedia Commons #fungi #mushrooms #grownostr

Geastrum triplex: Known as the collared earthstar, is a unique species of fungus that belongs to the Geastraceae family. Native to many parts of the world, including North America, Europe, and Asia, this captivating mushroom is characterised by its star-like shape. Its outer layer splits to form between four and nine pointed arms that curve back to reveal a spore-filled puffball. When raindrops hit the hard, inner layer, spores are forcefully ejected, facilitating the fungus's propagation. Indigenous communities of the Americas utilised Earthstars for their medicinal properties. The Blackfoot tribe had a special name for them - "ka-ka-toos," which translates to "fallen stars" and held a belief that these unique fungi signified the occurrence of events beyond the natural realm. Photo by: Josef F. Stuefer, CC BY 2.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons #fungi #mushrooms #grownostr

Tremella fuciformis: Known as snow fungus or silver ear mushroom, it belongs to the Tremellaceae family and is widely found in Asia, particularly in China and Japan. The mushroom has a gelatinous and translucent texture, resembling delicate, snow-white or silver-white ears, which gives it its distinctive name. Snow fungus has long been valued in traditional Chinese medicine for its medicinal properties. It is believed to enhance immune function, promote healthy skin, and improve overall vitality. In addition to its potential health benefits, it is highly prised in culinary preparations. It is commonly used in soups, desserts, and various dishes, where its mild and slightly sweet flavour adds a pleasant taste and unique texture. With its combination of aesthetic appeal and potential health benefits, Tremella fuciformis holds a special place in Asian cuisine and traditional medicine. Photo by: Matt Berger, CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons #fungi #mushrooms #grownostr

Scleroderma citrinum: Known as the common earthball or the pigskin poison puffball, is a species of fungi that belongs to the family Sclerodermataceae. Characterised by its tough outer skin and the spore-filled interior, which is initially white and becomes dark as the spores mature. This fungus plays a significant ecological role in soil nutrient cycling and in promoting forest health through its symbiotic relationships with trees. When mature, the fruiting body ruptures to release the spores, which are brown and powdery. Scleroderma citrinum has also been studied for its potential antifungal properties, but further research is required in this area. Photo by: Eric Steinert, CC BY-SA 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/, via Wikimedia Commons #fungi #mushrooms #grownostr

Phallus impudicus: Known as the common stinkhorn, is characterised by a foul-smelling olive-green 'gleba', intended to attract insects for spore dispersal. It begins as a partially submerged 'egg' in the soil. This 'egg' eventually bursts, and the mature stinkhorn rapidly emerges, often growing to full size in just a few hours. Despite the unpleasant odor, it is edible when still in its egg form. Photo by: Stu, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons #fungi #mushrooms #grownostr

Pleurotus ostreatus: Known as the oyster mushroom, it's a popular edible species, high in antioxidants and are believed to have cholesterol-lowering and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used in bioremediation, a process that uses organisms to remove or neutralise pollutants from a contaminated site. They have the ability to break down harmful substances like petroleum and pesticides, converting them into harmless substances. They also exhibit carnivorous behaviour! Releasing toxins that immobilise tiny nematodes and bacteria, subsequently consuming them to obtain nitrogen. Photo by: Charl de Mille-Isles #fungi #mushrooms #grownostr #foodstr

Morchella esculenta: Known as the morel or yellow morel, this distinctively shaped mushroom is prized by chefs and foragers. The honeycomb cap sits atop a hollow stem, and the entire mushroom is hollow when cut open. It is celebrated for its meaty texture and robust, earthy flavour, which can be appreciated whether they are sautéed, roasted, or simmered in soups and sauces. Despite their culinary value, caution is advised when foraging for morels. They have a poisonous look-alike known as the "false morel", which can cause severe health issues if consumed. #fungi #mushrooms #morel #grownostr #foraging

Lactarius indigo: Known as the Indigo Milk Cap, is an extraordinary mushroom that stands out due to its vivid blue hue. The mushroom secretes a milky sap when damaged, which turns from blue to green on air exposure. This trait inspired its Latin name "Lactarius", meaning "milky". #fungi #mushrooms #grownostr

Cordyceps militaris: This parasitic fungus is known for infecting insects and using them to propagate. It's used in traditional Asian medicine for a variety of conditions. Moreover, recent scientific studies suggest potential benefits like boosting immunity and enhancing athletic performance. #fungi #mushrooms #grownostr #health

@dave what's your favourite mushroom and why?

Boletus edulis: commonly referred to as the porcino mushroom or penny bun in the UK, is a true gem of the fungal world. It forms a symbiotic relationship with a range of trees, from hardwoods to conifers. This mutualistic bond not only promotes the growth of the mushroom but also enhances the trees' nutrient uptake, exemplifying nature's intricate and beautiful interconnectivity. This mushroom's distinct, rich, and earthy flavour sets it apart from its peers, making it a star ingredient in countless dishes. Photo by: Holger Krisp #fungi #mushroom #grownostr #foraging

Amanita muscaria: Known as fly agaric, contains ibotenic acid and muscimol, which are psychoactive compounds. It's important to note that it can also be toxic if consumed inappropriately. One common method is to boil the mushroom thoroughly in plenty of water, then discard the water. #fungi #mushrooms #psychoactive #grownostr

Agaricus bisporus: Known as the common button mushroom, it's the most widely cultivated species for culinary use. It's found in many dishes and can be eaten raw or cooked. https://void.cat/d/EKFoAYRYMtUweFSypDF4Gu.webp#fungi #mushrooms #foraging #nature