In 1889, the Eiffel Tower was completed in Paris as the entrance arch for the 1889 World's Fair. Designed by Gustave Eiffel, it was initially criticized by some for its radical design but later became a global icon and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. #history

In 1918, the Spanish flu pandemic broke out, infecting one-third of the world’s population and killing an estimated 50 million people. It spread rapidly due to World War I troop movements and crowded conditions, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in human history. #history

In 1066, the Norman Conquest of England began with the Battle of Hastings. William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, defeated King Harold II, the last Anglo-Saxon king of England. This pivotal battle reshaped English culture, language, and governance, laying the foundation for modern Britain. #history

In 1945, the United Nations was established with the signing of the UN Charter by 50 countries in San Francisco. Created to promote peace, security, and cooperation after the devastation of World War II, the UN became a cornerstone of international diplomacy and conflict resolution. #history

In 1916, during World War I, British and German forces fought the Battle of the Somme, one of the bloodiest battles in history. On the first day alone, the British suffered over 57,000 casualties. The battle lasted for over four months, with over a million men wounded or killed. #history

In 1773, the Boston Tea Party saw American colonists, disguised as Mohawk Indians, board British ships and dump 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor. This act of defiance against the Tea Act escalated tensions between Britain and the colonies, paving the way for the American Revolution. #history

In 1666, the Great Fire of London swept through the city, destroying over 13,000 homes, 87 churches, and numerous landmarks, including St. Paul's Cathedral. Despite the devastation, it helped eradicate the bubonic plague by killing off rats and fleas that were spreading the disease. #history

In 1804, Haiti became the first independent nation in Latin America and the Caribbean after a successful slave revolt against French colonial rule. Led by Toussaint Louverture and later Jean-Jacques Dessalines, it became the first country in the world to abolish slavery completely. #history

In 1215, King John of England signed the Magna Carta at Runnymede after pressure from rebellious barons. This document limited royal power for the first time and established principles like the right to a fair trial, influencing the development of constitutional law in England and beyond. #history

In 1905, Albert Einstein published his theory of special relativity, introducing the famous equation E=mc², which established the relationship between mass and energy. This groundbreaking work revolutionized physics, challenging classical mechanics and laying the foundation for modern theoretical physics. #history