> There are no solutions. Only tradeoffs Exactly. Those trade-offs are trust and centralization, which are all fake L2's can offer. You cannot handle 8 billion people without trust and centralization, that's a function of the supply cap / dust + non-zero fee required for chain security. Bitcoin scales to 100-200M at most, less as large accumulators remove float, that's purely on lack of divisibility alone and has nothing to do with tx density. 8BN is also not the goal, that's retarded. Not even 8BN have internet or phones. There are only 300MN businesses and maybe 1BN households. The only tradeoff lightning makes is liveness, which is how the internet works. That's a hard requirement for anything but the base chain. It's a fact that trust and centralization are the only levers, but if you want to beat your head against the wall denying reality like shitcoiners do have fun I guess.