Fundamentally, the Quran and the Prophet ﷺ determine what is halal (permissible) and haram (forbidden). In modern matters, scholars attempt to approach the topic through various methodologies. These different types of methodology are referred to as schools of thought. There are four of them, all are legitimate, and all are valid, even if one school permits something that another does not.
This disagreement among the schools of thought is seen in Islam as a form of ease. If a ruling from one school is too burdensome for someone, they are free to follow the school that is easier for them. As long as the schools adhere consistently to their methodologies, Allah ﷻ considers all opinions legitimate, even if one is wrong, and no one is punished in the afterlife for it.
