I was not aware of Hoppes study but aware of the criticisms of both monarchy & democracy. The issue I hit with monarchy is an unfit heir. I think a mentor can do well, but fails quicker as our momentum moves faster than their long term plan can adjust. Thank you for the light reading while I wait in line

what i like about monarchy is that if the current ruler is insane (whatver that means. debt, selling family propery, likely because of some war...) they will just replace them (probably kill them) and move on. they value their property. public's doing "good" and bear no consequences

Its impressive how brief actually-ruling dynasties have mostly been, historically. If a dynasty reaches four generations its because the bureaucracy is ruling and just keeping the idiots around for show.