There unfortunately are no double blind randomized placebo controlled trials in clinical vaccine research. All of the trials use an "active" placebo for good reason. The adjuvent is probably the problem for humans not the innactivated dna/rna particle. Here is a list of placebos for vaccine trials: 1. HPV (Gardasil) Clinical Trial: Placebo was an aluminum adjuvant and the Hepatitis A vaccine. 2. Hepatitis A Clinical Trial: Placebo was the Hepatitis B vaccine. 3. Influenza A Clinical Trial: Placebo was the Influenza B vaccine. 4. Meningitis Vaccine Clinical Trial: Placebo was the DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis) vaccine. 5. Pertussis Vaccine Clinical Trial: Placebo was the Diphtheria & Tetanus vaccine. 6. Prevnar-13 (Pneumonia) Clinical Trial: Placebo was the Prevnar-7 vaccine. 7. Hepatitis A Clinical Trial: Placebo was an aluminum adjuvant. 8. Prevnar-9 (Pneumonia) Clinical Trial: Placebo was the DTP-Hib vaccine. 9. Cholera Vaccine Clinical Trial: Placebo was the K-12 E.Coli vaccine. 10. Prevnar-23 (Pneumonia) Vaccine: Placebo was the Hepatitis A & B vaccines. 11. Polio Vaccine Clinical Trial: Placebo was a diluted polio vaccine. 12. Chicken Pox Vaccine Clinical Trial: Placebo was a diluted chicken pox vaccine. 13. Shingles Vaccine Clinical Trial: Placebo was a diluted shingles vaccine. 14. Some COVID-19 Vaccine Clinical Trials: Placebo was the Meningitis vaccine.